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Don Quixote (Strauss)
''Don Quixote'', Op. 35 is a tone poem by Richard Strauss for cello, viola and large orchestra. Subtitled ''Phantastische Variationen über ein Thema ritterlichen Charakters'' (''Fantastic Variations on a Theme of Knightly Character''), the work is based on the novel ''Don Quixote de la Mancha'' by Miguel de Cervantes. Strauss composed this work in Munich in 1897. The premiere took place in Cologne on 8 March 1898, with Friedrich Grützmacher as the cello soloist and Franz Wüllner as the conductor.〔Mark-Daniel Schmid, ''The Richard Strauss Companion''. Praeger (Westport, Connecticut, USA; 2003), p. 111 (ISBN 0-313-27901-2).〕
The score is 45 minutes long and is written in theme and variations form, with the solo cello representing Don Quixote, and the solo viola, tenor tuba, and bass clarinet depicting the comic Sancho Panza. The second variation depicts an episode where Don Quixote encounters a herd of sheep and perceives them as an approaching army. Strauss uses dissonant flutter-tonguing in the brass to emulate the bleating of the sheep, an early instance of this extended technique. Strauss later quoted this passage in his music for ''Le bourgeois gentilhomme'', at the moment a servant announces the dish of "leg of mutton in the Italian style".
All of the episodes are taken directly from the Cervantes novel.
==Instrumentation==
The work is scored for a large orchestra consisting of the following forces: piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets in (2nd doubling E-flat clarinet), bass clarinet, 3 bassoons, contrabassoon, 6 horns in F, 3 trumpets in D and F, 3 trombones, tenor tuba in B (often performed on euphonium), tuba, timpani, bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, triangle, tambourine, wind machine, and strings: harp, violins i, ii, violas (including an extensive solo viola part), violoncellos (including an extensive solo violoncello part), double basses.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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